If your trying to place a minehole it checks if there are any objects that have a hitbox below it. This includes players, minesupports, stalactites, cave water and others. Carpets do not block the minehole sign get placed as it doesn't have a hitbox. The area the minehole checks is a 8x8 area centerd on the location the ladder will come out. The area it checks is cubical in shape as well.
If its blocked you get this message:

After the minehole goes up you get the typical minehole ladder and the special cave tiles mineholes make. These are permanent as they will permanently stay even after the minehole is removed.
The minehole removal is simple. You can bash them like any other object. 25 soak and 1000 hitpoints. After they go poof they instantly remove the ladder underneath at the same time. But the tiles stay. No cavins or anything happens underneath.
Image taken instantly after the minehole went poof.

You can place a new minehole right above the old minehole given that there are no objects blocking it from below.
Mined out cave tiles doesn't block mineholes either but I haven't actually built and tested if they really do get built even if the sign is placeable. Something for the future I guess.