Navigation: The middle mouse button
As you walk around, you may notice that your character is not perfectly centered at all times. You can have a degree of control over your viewing space by using the middle mouse button. Clicking the middle mouse button will move the view in the direction of the click, holding down the middle mouse button will drag the viewing space.
Inventory: The shift key
If you need to move a large number of items from one inventory to another, you can speed this up by using the shift key: If there are only two inventories open, by left clicking with the mouse while holding down the shift key, the object will move automatically to the other inventory.
Fuel/planting: The shift key
If you need to fuel a kiln, furnace or other building, the task can be sped up by using the shift key: by left clicking on the fuel, then right clicking on the fuel recipient while holding the shift button, you do not have to get another piece of the same fuel, just continue clicking with the right mouse button, once for every piece of fuel. This also works with planting.
Dropping items: The Ctrl key
To quickly drop an inventory item, hold down the ctrl key while clicking on an inventory item.
Inventory: shift + scroll / shift + ctrl + scroll
To move multiple items between inventories, move the mouse cursor into an inventory (you should only have two open), hold down shift, and use the mouse scroll button to move multiple items. Additionally, holding down ctrl will move items based on their quality.
If anyone knows of any other shortcuts I would greatly appreciate hearing them.