How to figure out Alchemy properties?

[Kamekono]

I've played this game on and off for years, but I never gave alchemy a good look.
I've read the wiki page, which does give some information, but I seem to be missing one crucial point.

The whole thing seems to be about removing some properties, in order to have matching ones to get good effects.
But I have a hard time understanding, how do I figure out which materials give which properties?

If someone could write down a couple of examples, it would really help me out!

[Sevenless]

viewtopic.php?f=42&t=72217#p895070

Wrote this on it a while back

[inviteinvolved]

I wrote this on it some time ago.