There are some realm buffs that are overly OP and 100% necessary which is bad for the game as people who want to remain competitive in industry shouldn't be forced to live in certain areas. It's also unrealistic for many small realms to actually acquire the necessary buffs and big groups can also claim control of most of the world and exclude other people from having realm buffs which requires them to either move within the realm or remain behind in industry. In my opinion realms should be a LARP based thing where you spread the name of your realm and include people into a public ingame chat rather than something people are forced to partake in for industry.
The realm buffs that should definitely be changed are: Mountain Tradition, Fecund Earth, Backwater, and Woodland Realm (Maybe Local Cuisine and Marriage of the Sea).
Mountain Tradition is extremely OP as the rock quality and ore quality play directly into industry which basically affects everything. This is by far the most necessary realm buff and not having this one maxed out is basically throwing. This should be either removed or replaced something like "Decreased hardness of tiles mined"
Fecund Earth is OP because flax quality has a huge impact on industry due to its impact on trees which in turn affects everything else basically. This could be replaced with something more convenient like increased product output (not seeds) so you could just have smaller fields or something.
Backwater has the same problem as Fecund Earth which is that turnips eventually become extremely high in quality which is then the primary source of compost. It would be better if this was also replaced by something like increased weight of product when put in a trough, or increased chance for turnip chairs crying onions, etc.
Woodland Realm is mostly fine but it shouldn't increase tree growth speed. It would be better if it just increased tree product output (excluding tree seeds).
Local Cuisine directly affects attribute growth and STR/AGI/CON are continually relevant in PVP for the entire duration of the world. Being forced to eat within a certain area to make the most of your food/attributes is pretty lame. This isn't overly OP and necessary like the others but still pretty annoying. I'm not really sure of any good good substitutes for this off the top of my head. Center of learning is also a bit annoying but most abilities don't need to be raised past a certain point and with equalization for combat it's not too important.
Marriage of the Sea is fine, however, in its current state it's annoying as the quality of knarrs/snekkjas impacts their speed which is extremely bad for PVP. I've made a separate thread on why knarrs/snekkjas should have set speeds here: https://www.havenandhearth.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=48&t=72523